Driven piles, the oldest method of piling foundations, which is still used today. The technology of driven piles involves a dynamic load on a reinforced concrete product of a square (sometimes round or other, provided by the project) cross-section, manufactured in advance at the factory (also wooden or metal, but it is very rare and much more expensive). before sinking such a pile, preliminary drilling of the guide well (leader drilling) is performed. Then the pile is fed by the lifting mechanism and fixed on the hammer for further hammering into the drilled well.
The bearing capacity of the driven pile is achieved due to the compaction of the soil relative to the side walls of the pile and the occurrence of friction. Then it is necessary to destroy the upper part of such a pile to loosen the reinforcement from the concrete in order to tie this element to the foundation (sometimes this is not done, but simply rest the foundation on the head of the pile).
The difference between a driven pile and a pressed or vibro-immersed pile is only in the mechanics of the process. A hydraulic cylinder is used in a pressed pile, and a vibrating plunger with a high frequency of oscillation is used in a vibrating pile. In modern practice, crushing mechanisms on a rail course are used, and vibratory sinkers with a guide table, which makes it unnecessary to perform pilot wells and significantly increases the execution of pile sinking in a similar unit of time. Due to the dynamic load on the soil and, accordingly, on the structures nearby, driven and vibration-immersed piles are not recommended for use in conditions of existing buildings, unstable slopes, underground or surface communications, and other things that can be negatively affected by soil vibration.